Galileo spacecraft

 Galileo was a robotic NASA spacecraft which studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other solar system bodies. Named after the astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and entry probe. It was launched on October 18, 1989 CE, and arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995 CE, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Terra, and became the first human spacecraft to orbit Jupiter. It launched the first probe into Jupiter, directly measuring its atmosphere. Despite suffering major antenna problems, Galileo achieved the first asteroid flyby, of 951 Gaspra, and discovered the first asteroid moon, Dactyl, around 243 Ida. In 1994, Galileo observed Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9's collision with Jupiter.

On September 21, 2003 CE, after 14 years in space and 8 years in the Jovian system, Galileo '​s mission was terminated by sending the orbiter into Jupiter's atmosphere at a speed of over 48 kilometers per second, eliminating the possibility of contaminating local moons with terrestrial bacteria.