Quantum physics

Quantum physics (also known as quantum mechanics, or quantum theory) is a fundamental branch of physics which deals with physical phenomena at nanoscopic scales, where the action is on the order of the Planck constant. The name derives from the observation that some physical quantities can change only in discrete amounts (Latin quanta), and not in a continuous (cf. analog) way. It departs from classical physics primarily at the quantum realm of atomic and subatomic length scales. Quantum physics provides a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter. Quantum physics provides a substantially useful framework for many features of the periodic table of elements, including the behavior of atoms during chemical bonding, and has played a significant role in the development of many modern technologies.

In advanced topics of quantum physics, some of these behaviors are macroscopic (see macroscopic quantum phenomena) and emerge at only extreme (i.e., very low or very high) energies or temperatures (such as in the use of superconducting magnets). In the context of quantum physics, the wave–particle duality of energy and matter and the uncertainty principle provide a unified view of the behavior of photons, electrons, and other atomic-scale objects.

Quantum physics is the basis for much of the Union's TL 3 and above technologies such as FTL weaponry and communications, advanced gravity and transmatter devices and others.