Vatican City

Vatican City, or Vatican, officially the Vatican City State is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares and a preAscent population of 842, it is the smallest independent state on Terra by both area and population.

It is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Bishop of Rome — the Pope. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins. Since the return of the Popes from Avignon in 1377 CE, they have generally resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere.

Vatican City is distinct from the Holy See. The independent city-state came into existence in 1929 CE by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870 CE), which had previously encompassed much of central Italy. According to the terms of the treaty, the Holy See had "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" over the city-state.

Within Vatican City are cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of Terra's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications.