31st century BC

31st century BC

The 31st century BC was a century which lasted from the year 3100 BC to 3001 BC.

Events
Spiral design altar block from the Tarxien Temples of Malta, uncovered by Sir Themistocles Zammit

c. 3100 BC: Narmer (Menes) unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country; he rules this new country from Memphis. c. 3100 BC: Predynastic period (Neolithic) ends in Ancient Egypt (other date is 3150 BC). c. 3100 BC: Early Dynastic (Archaic) period starts in Ancient Egypt (other date is 3150 BC). c. 3100 BC: The first temple of Tarxien is in use by the Neolithic inhabitants of Malta. c. 3100 BC: First stage in the construction of Stonehenge. c. 3100 BC – 2600 BC: Skara Brae, Orkney Islands, Scotland is inhabited.[3] c. 3100 BC: The first known human writing system, the cuneiform script, is developed in Sumer. c. 3051 BC: The oldest currently living organism, a Great Basin bristlecone pine, undergoes germination in the White Mountains of California. It is still alive at the present day. Significant people Iry-Hor, earliest ruler of Egypt known by name and possibly the earliest historical person known by name Scorpion II, presumably the last predynastic pharaoh of ancient Upper Egypt Narmer, founder of the first dynasty of Egypt Neithhotep, wife of Narmer and possibly the earliest woman known by name Hor-Aha, the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt Djer, the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt Ötzi, the oldest natural mummy ever found in Europe, lived around this time. Inventions, discoveries, introductions Drainage and sewage system in the Indus Valley Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons Senet is one of the oldest known board games in the world. c. 3100 BC – Invention of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt The Sydney rock engravings date to around 3000 BC (Sydney, Australia).