Tetanus

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is caused by an infection with the Terran bacteria Clostridium tetani.

Contraction and Symptoms
The bacteria generally enter through a break in the skin such as a cut or puncture wound by a contaminated object. The bacteria produce toxins that interfere with muscle contractions, resulting in the typical symptoms. In the most common type the spasms (opisthotonos) begin in the human jaw and then progresses to the rest of the body. These spasms usually last a few minutes each time and occur frequently for three to four weeks. Spasms may be so severe that bone fractures occur. Other symptoms may include: fever, headache, trouble swallowing, high blood pressure, and a fast heart rate.

Development, Treatment and Outcomes
Onset of symptoms is typically three to twenty one days following infection. Diagnosis is based on the presenting signs and symptoms. Muscle relaxants may be used to control spasms. Mechanical ventilation may be required if a person's breathing is affected. The disease does not spread between people. It may take months to recover. About 10% of those infected die.