Body |
Image |
Mean radius (km) |
Mean radius (R⊕) |
Volume (109 km3) |
Volume (V⊕) |
Mass
×1021 kg |
Mass (M⊕) |
Density [note 1] g/cm3 |
Surface gravity |
Surface gravity |
Type of object |
Shape |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
696000[9] |
109 |
1,412,000,000 |
1,304,000 |
1,989,000,000 |
333,000 |
1.409 |
274.0 |
28.02 |
regular | |||
69911±6 |
10.97 |
1,431,280 |
1,321 |
1,898,600 |
317.83 |
1.33 |
24.79 |
2.535 |
regular | |||
58232±6 |
9.14 |
827,130 |
764 |
568,460 |
95.159 |
0.70 |
10.445 |
1.06 |
regular | |||
25362±7 |
3.98 |
68,340 |
63.1 |
86,832 |
14.536 |
1.30 |
8.87 |
0.90 |
regular | |||
24622±19 |
3.86 |
62,540 |
57.7 |
102,430 |
17.147 |
1.76 |
11.15 |
1.140 |
regular | |||
6371 |
1 |
1,083.21 |
1 |
5,973.6 |
1 |
5.515 |
0.99732 |
|||||
6052±1 |
0.950 |
928.43 |
0.857 |
4,868.5 |
0.815 |
5.24 |
8.872 |
0.905 |
regular | |||
3389.5±0.2 |
0.532 |
163.18 |
0.151 |
641.85 |
0.107 |
3.94 |
3.7 |
0.38 |
regular | |||
Ganymede† Jupiter III |
2634.1±0.3 |
0.413 |
76.30 |
0.0704 |
148.2 |
0.0248 |
1.936 |
1.428 |
0.15 |
regular | ||
Titan† Saturn VI |
2576±2 |
0.404 |
71.52 |
0.0660 |
134.5 |
0.0225 |
1.88 |
1.354 |
0.14 |
regular | ||
2440±1 |
0.383 |
60.83 |
0.0562 |
330.2 |
0.0553 |
5.43 |
3.7 |
0.38 |
regular | |||
Callisto† Jupiter IV |
2410±2 |
0.378 |
58.65 |
0.0541 |
107.6 |
0.018 |
1.83 |
1.23603 |
0.126 |
regular | ||
Io† Jupiter I |
1821.6±0.5 |
0.286 |
25.32 |
0.0234 |
89.3 |
0.015 |
3.528 |
1.797 |
0.183 |
regular | ||
Moon Earth I |
1737.1 |
0.273 |
21.958 |
0.0203 |
73.5 |
0.0123 |
3.3464 |
1.625 |
0.166 |
Satellite of Earth |
regular | |
Europa† Jupiter II |
1560.8±0.5 |
0.245 |
15.93 |
0.0147 |
48 |
0.00803 |
3.01 |
1.316 |
0.134 |
regular | ||
Triton† Neptune I |
1353.4±0.9 |
0.212 |
10.38 |
0.0096 |
21.5 |
0.00359 |
2.061 |
0.782 |
0.0797 |
regular | ||
PlutoR 134340 |
1184±10[10] |
0.185 |
7 |
0.0066 |
13.105 |
0.0022 |
2.0 |
0.61 |
0.062 |
regular | ||
ErisR 136199 |
1163±6[11] |
0.182 |
7 |
0.007 |
16.7[12] |
0.0027 |
2.5 |
0.662 |
0.0677 |
regular | ||
Titania‡ Uranus III |
788.4±0.6 |
0.124 |
2.06 |
0.0019 |
3.526 |
0.00059 |
1.72 |
0.378 |
0.0385 |
regular | ||
Rhea‡ Saturn V |
764±1 |
0.12 |
1.87 |
0.0017 |
2.3166 |
0.00039 |
1.23 |
0.26 |
0.027 |
regular | ||
Oberon† Uranus IV |
761±3 |
0.12 |
1.85 |
0.0017 |
3.014 |
0.0005 |
1.63 |
0.347 |
0.035 |
regular | ||
Iapetus† Saturn VIII |
735±3 |
0.113 |
1.55 |
0.0014 |
1.9739 |
0.00033 |
1.08 |
0.223 |
0.0227 |
regular | ||
MakemakeRA 136472 |
715±7 |
1.7 |
3 |
0.00067 |
1.7[13] |
0.4 |
regular | |||||
HaumeaR 136108 |
ca. 715[14] |
0.117 |
1.3–1.6 |
0.001 |
4.006 |
0.00069 |
2.55[15] |
0.44 |
0.045 |
regular (scaleneellipsoid) | ||
2007 OR10 225088 |
640±100[16] |
0.1 |
1.0981 |
0.00101 |
unknown | |||||||
Charon† Pluto I |
604±2 |
0.095 |
0.87 |
0.0008 |
1.52 |
0.00025 |
1.65 |
0.279 |
0.028 |
regular | ||
Umbriel† Uranus II |
585±3 |
0.092 |
0.84 |
0.0008 |
1.2 |
0.00020 |
1.4 |
0.234 |
0.024 |
regular | ||
Ariel ‡ Uranus I |
578.9±0.6 |
0.091 |
0.81 |
0.0008 |
1.35 |
0.00022 |
1.67 |
0.269 |
0.027 |
regular | ||
Dione† Saturn IV |
561.4±0.4 |
0.088 |
0.73 |
0.0007 |
1.096 |
0.000183 |
1.48 |
0.232 |
0.0236 |
regular | ||
Quaoar 50000 |
555±3 |
1.6[17] |
0.0003 |
2.0[18] |
0.125 |
unknown | ||||||
Tethys‡ Saturn III |
531.1±0.6 |
0.083 |
0.624 |
0.0006 |
0.6173 |
0.000103 |
0.984[19] |
0.145 |
0.015 |
regular | ||
SednaRA 90377 |
500±80 |
0.08 |
unknown | |||||||||
Ceres‡ 1 |
476.2[21] |
0.076 |
0.437 |
0.0004 |
0.95 |
0.000159 |
2.08 |
0.27 |
0.0275 |
regular | ||
2002 MS4 307261 |
470±30 |
0.07 |
unknown | |||||||||
OrcusRA 90482 |
460±10 |
0.06 |
0.23 |
0.0002 |
2.47[22] |
unknown | ||||||
Salacia 120347 |
430±20 |
0.07 |
0.45 |
1.16[23] |
0.147 |
unknown |
Objects between ≈400 and ≈200 km in radius[edit][]
Most objects in this size range are expected to be round. All the satellites except Proteus are round. The asteroid 10 Hygiea is not, and 2 Pallasand 4 Vesta are borderline. Like the satellites, TNOs in this size range are expected to be round (assuming the estimated size is correct).
Body |
Image |
Mean radius (km) |
Mean radius (R⊕) |
Volume (109km3) |
Volume (V⊕) |
Mass
×1021 kg |
Mass (M⊕) |
Density g/cm3 |
Surface gravity |
Surface gravity |
Type of object |
Shape |
2002 AW197R 55565 |
380±20 |
0.06 |
0.207 |
0.00019 |
0.414P |
0.000069 |
0.206 |
0.0211 |
unknown | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Varuna* 20000 |
250-500 |
0.049 |
0.125 |
0.000115 |
0.37 |
6.2E-5 |
0.992[15] |
0.258 |
0.028 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||
2003 AZ84R 208996 |
360±30 |
0.06 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 GV9R 90568 |
340±40 |
0.0531 |
0.162 |
0.00015 |
0.325P |
0.0000534 |
0.19 |
0.0194 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
Varda9 174567 |
350±40 |
0.06 |
0.22 |
0.0002 |
0.616P |
0.0001 |
0.228 |
0.02 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
2005 UQ5139 202421 |
250±40 |
0.06 |
0.22 |
0.0002 |
0.886P |
0.0001 |
0.278 |
0.0284 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
Dysnomia Eris I |
340±30 |
Satellite of Eris |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 RN439 145452 |
340±40 |
0.0573 |
0.2036 |
0.00019 |
0.407P |
0.000068 |
0.205 |
0.02096 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
2002 UX25R 55637 |
350±10 |
0.82[24] |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||
IxionRA 28978 |
320±120 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
200–500 |
0.06 |
0.233 |
0.000215 |
0.467P |
0.00008 |
0.214 |
0.022 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
2007 JJ43 278361 |
ca. 300 |
TNO[20] |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chaos 19521 |
300±70 |
0.0585 |
0.216 |
0.0002 |
0.4328P |
0.00007 |
0.209 |
0.021 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
300±40 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
200–500 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 XA192 230965 |
170±60 |
0.055 |
0.177 |
0.00016 |
0.354P |
0.000059 |
0.195 |
0.02 |
TNO[20] |
unknown | |||||||||||||||
ca. 300 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 TC302 84522 |
290±50 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 RM439 145451 |
ca. 300 |
0.0455 |
0.102 |
0.00009 |
0.2P |
0.000034 |
0.159 |
0.016 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
200–400 |
0.059 |
0.221 |
0.0002 |
0.4416P |
0.00007 |
0.21 |
0.0215 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
210±40 |
0.043 |
0.089 |
0.000082 |
0.178P |
0.000029 |
0.155 |
0.0158 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
2001 UR1639 42301 |
ca. 300 |
0.05 |
0.134 |
0.00012 |
0.269P |
0.000045 |
0.178 |
0.018 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
200–400 |
0.048 |
0.116 |
0.00012 |
0.33P |
0.000055 |
0.241 |
0.0246 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
2004 TY364* 120348 |
ca. 300[citation needed] |
0.043 |
0.089 |
0.000082 |
0.178P |
0.000029 |
0.155 |
0.0158 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
ca. 300[citation needed] |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
200–400 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
200–400 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
120–300 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
280±10 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pallas$ 2 |
270±10 |
0.211 |
0.0000353 |
2.8[27] |
0.19 |
0.02 |
irregular | ||||||||||||||||||
Vesta$ 4 |
262.7±0.1[28] |
0.259076 |
3.456[28] |
0.252 |
regular? | ||||||||||||||||||||
2003 VS2 84922 |
260±20 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
225–330 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ca. 250 |
0.036 |
0.051 |
0.00005 |
0.102P |
0.000017 |
0.129 |
0.013 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
Enceladus‡ Saturn II |
252.1±0.2 |
0.039 |
0.067 |
0.00006 |
0.108 |
0.0000181 |
1.61 |
0.111 |
0.0113 |
regular | |||||||||||||||
2004 PF115 175113 |
200±50 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown |
0.031 |
0.0335 |
0.000011 |
0.067P |
0.000011 |
0.112 |
0.011 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
unknown |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Miranda‡ Uranus V |
235.8±0.7 |
0.037 |
0.055 |
0.00005 |
0.0659 |
0.000011 |
1.20 |
0.0791 |
0.00806 |
regular | |||||||||||||||
240±70 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 TB190 145480 |
230±30 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
1999 DE9 26375 |
230±20 |
0.036 |
0.051 |
0.000047 |
0.1026P |
0.000017 |
0.129 |
0.013 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
2003 FY128 120132 |
230±10 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
1998 SN165* 35671 |
200±20 |
0.036 |
0.05 |
0.000046 |
0.1P |
0.000017 |
0.128 |
0.013 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
2002 KX149 119951 |
unknown |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2000 YW134* 82075 |
ca. 200 |
0.039 |
0.065 |
0.00006 |
0.13P |
0.000022 |
0.139 |
0.014 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
2002 VR128 84719 |
220±20 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 WC19 119979 |
unknown |
0.0315 |
0.034 |
0.00003 |
0.0675P |
0.000011 |
0.113 |
0.0115 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||
HuyaR 38628 |
229±5 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
215±4 |
irregular | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ca. 210 |
0.0345 |
0.0446 |
0.00004 |
0.089P |
0.000014 |
0.123 |
0.0126 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||
Proteus ‡A Neptune VIII (8) |
210±7 |
0.033 |
0.038 |
0.000035 |
0.050 |
0.00000844 |
1.3[29] |
0.0666 |
0.00678 |
irregular | |||||||||||||||
2005 QU1829 303775 |
210±40 |
unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||
200±20 |
unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1996 GQ21* 26181 |
ca. 200 |
0.031 |
0.0335 |
0.000011 |
0.067P |
0.000011 |
0.112 |
0.011 |
unknown |
Selected objects between 200 and 100 km in radius[edit][]
Satellites of Saturn |
Objects between 200 and 100 km in radius (400 and 200 km in diameter). The largest of these may lie above the boundary for hydrostatic equilibrium, but most are irregular. Most of the trans-Neptunian objects listed with a radius smaller than 200 km have "assumed sizes based on a generic albedo of 0.09" since they are too far away to directly measure their sizes with existing instruments. Values relative to Earth are not included beyond this point. Mass switches from 1021 kg to 1018 kg (Zg). Main-belt asteroids have orbital elements constrained by (2.0 AU < a < 3.2 AU; q > 1.666 AU) according to JPL Solar System Dynamics (JPLSSD).[30] This is not complete, missing many poorly known TNOs.[20]
Body |
Image |
Mean radius (km) |
Mass
×1018 kg |
Type of object |
Shape |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mimas‡ Saturn I |
198.2±0.4 |
37.49 |
regular (smallest known body in currentHE) | ||
Hiʻiaka Haumea I |
ca. 200 |
20 |
irregular | ||
Vanth Orcus I |
perhaps140±10 |
Satellite of Orcus |
irregular | ||
Interamnia M 704 |
163±1 |
37 |
irregular | ||
Nereid A Neptune II |
170±30 |
31 |
irregular | ||
Altjira 9 148780 |
60–100 |
irregular | |||
Davida$ 511 |
145±10 |
43.8 |
irregular | ||
Actaea Salacia I |
140±10 |
Satellite of 120347 Salacia |
irregular | ||
Europa$ 52 |
158±4 |
16.5 |
irregular[31] | ||
Eunomia$ 15 |
134±7 |
31.2 |
irregular[31] | ||
Sylvia$ 87 |
143±5 |
14.78 |
Outer main-belt asteroid—X-type—trinary |
irregular[31] | |
Cybele$ 65 |
136±6 |
17.8 |
Outer main-belt asteroid—C-type |
irregular | |
Juno$ 3 |
135.7[32] |
26.7 |
irregular[31] | ||
Hyperion Saturn VII |
135±4 |
5.58 |
irregular | ||
Camilla$ 107 |
129±7 |
11.2 |
Outer main-belt asteroid—C-type—binary |
irregular[33] | |
EuphrosyneM 31 |
128±3 |
6.23 |
irregular | ||
Chariklo 10199 |
124±9 |
irregular | |||
S/2007 (148780) 1 Altjira I |
50–90 |
Secondary of 148780 Altjira |
irregular | ||
Sila9 79360 |
perhaps120±50 |
11 |
Kuiper belt object—binary (Nunam) |
irregular | |
BambergaM 324 |
117±4 |
10 |
|||
Thisbe $ 88 |
113±6 |
10.5 M |
irregular[33] | ||
Nunam 79360 |
perhaps110±50 |
Satellite of Sila |
irregular | ||
Patientia 451 |
117±5 |
irregular | |||
Fortuna $ 19 |
104±6 |
12.7 |
irregular | ||
Herculina 532 |
111±2 |
irregular[31] | |||
Doris 48 |
111±4 |
17A |
irregular | ||
Chiron*A 2060 95P/Chiron |
116±7 |
10 |
irregular | ||
Ursula 375 |
96±2 |
irregular | |||
Phoebe $ Saturn IX |
106.5±0.7 |
8.29±0.01 |
formerly | ||
Amphitrite$ 29 |
106±3 |
11.8 |
irregular[31] | ||
Deucalion 53311 |
ca. 105 |
irregular | |||
Themis M 24 |
100±10 |
11.3 |
|||
DiotimaA 423 |
104±3 |
16 |
irregular[35] | ||
EgeriaM 13 |
104±4 |
16.3 |
irregular | ||
Bienor 54598 |
105±15 |
irregular | |||
Aurora 94 |
102±2 |
irregular[36] | |||
HektorA 624 |
113±8 |
14 |
irregular | ||
Rhadamanthus 38083 |
40–140 |
irregular |
Selected objects between 100 and 50 km in radius[edit][]
Satellites of Saturn |
Satellites of Uranus |
Objects 100 and 50 km in radius (200 km to 100 km in average diameter). The listed objects currently include most objects in the asteroid belt and moons of the gas giants in this size range, but many newly discovered objects in the outer Solar System are missing, such as those included in the following reference.[20] Asteroid spectral types are mostly Tholen, but some might be SMASS.
Body |
Image |
Mean radius (km) |
Mass
×1018 kg |
Type of object/Notes |
100±5 |
13.6 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
97±2 |
6.05 |
||||||||
LarissaA Neptune VII (7) |
97±3 |
4.2 |
|||||||
95 km[37] |
5.38 |
Outer main-belt asteroid—C-type—binary | |||||||
100±5 |
|||||||||
96±2 |
|||||||||
95 ± ?? |
11.3 |
||||||||
92±3 |
7 |
||||||||
127±2 |
21.9 |
||||||||
6 Hebe $ |
93 ± ?? |
12.8 |
|||||||
92±8 |
6.6 |
||||||||
93±1 |
|||||||||
92±2 |
6.5 |
Outer main-belt asteroid—Cybele | |||||||
91±6 |
6.6 |
||||||||
Janus$ Saturn X (10) |
89.5±1.4 |
1.912 |
|||||||
95±3 |
5.97 |
||||||||
Galatea Neptune VI (6) |
88±4 |
2.12 |
|||||||
80 ± ?? |
|||||||||
81±4 |
|||||||||
87 ± ?? |
5.5 |
||||||||
112±10 |
5.4[38] |
||||||||
85±3 |
|||||||||
85 ± ?? |
5.2 |
||||||||
Himalia M Jupiter VI (6) |
85 ± ?? |
4.19 [39] |
|||||||
Namaka Haumea II |
assumed ca. 85 |
2 |
|||||||
Puck Uranus XV (15) |
81±2[40] |
2.9A |
|||||||
84 ± 3 |
5.1 |
||||||||
89 ± 4 |
5.05 |
||||||||
85 ± 3 |
5 |
||||||||
84[41] |
Outer main-belt asteroid—Cybele | ||||||||
Amalthea Jupiter V (5) |
84±2 |
2.08 ± 0.15 |
|||||||
83 ± ?? |
|||||||||
90 ± 2 |
8.09M |
||||||||
70–90?[citation needed] |
|||||||||
85 ± 4 |
|||||||||
82 ± 3 |
|||||||||
82 ± 2 |
4.6 |
||||||||
82 ± 5 |
12.5 |
||||||||
88 ± 2 |
4.42 |
||||||||
unknown |
|||||||||
70 ± 5 |
4.28 |
||||||||
84 ± 4 |
|||||||||
74 ± 2 |
9.95 |
||||||||
80 ± 3 |
4.09 |
||||||||
EugeniaM 45 |
107 ± 2 |
5.69 |
Main-belt asteroid—F-type—trinary(irregular)[31] | ||||||
81 ± 4 |
4 |
||||||||
80 ± ?? |
3.4 |
||||||||
82 ± 4 |
3.91 |
||||||||
80.49[43] |
Outer main-belt asteroid—Cybele | ||||||||
80 ± 3 |
|||||||||
77 ± 3 |
|||||||||
76.9[43] |
3.5 |
||||||||
76 ± ?? |
8.2 |
||||||||
74 ± 4 |
3.6 |
||||||||
76 ± 2 |
|||||||||
76 ± 2 |
|||||||||
75 ± 3 |
3.6 |
||||||||
73 ± 5 |
3.62 |
||||||||
DespinaA Neptune V (5) |
75±3 |
2.1 |
|||||||
Sycorax Uranus XVII (17) |
75 (assumed) |
2.3 |
|||||||
49 Pales M |
74.9[44] |
2.69 |
|||||||
ca. 70 |
3.4 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
3.42 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
1.38 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
3.2 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
5.67 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
3.07 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
3 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
2.9 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
3 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
2.76 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
Pabu Borasisi I |
ca. 70 |
Secondary of 66652 Borasisi | |||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
2.64[45] |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
2.6 |
||||||||
Portia Uranus XII (12) |
68±4 |
1.7 |
|||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
Phorcys Ceto I |
86±5 |
1.67[38] |
|||||||
ca. 70 |
2.5 |
||||||||
Menoetius Patroclus I |
ca. 70 |
Secondary of 617 Patroclus | |||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
2.4 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
1.6 |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
|||||||||
ca. 70 |
6.15M |
||||||||
ca. 70 |
2.37 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
8.47 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
2.1 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
Asteroid—Jupiter Trojan (L4) | ||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.4 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
2 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
2 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.94 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
Sawiskera Teharonhiawako I |
ca. 60 |
Secondary of 88611 Teharonhiawako | |||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.83 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.8 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
2.9 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.8 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.6 |
||||||||
2006 SQ372 308933 |
ca. 60 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.6 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
Main-belt asteroid—Veritas | ||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.5 |
||||||||
Epimetheus Saturn XI (11) |
58±2 |
0.5304[48] |
|||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
1.5 |
||||||||
ca. 60 |
2 |
Main-belt asteroid—nickel-iron | |||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 60 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.4 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.4 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.3 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.3 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.3 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.2 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.2 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.1 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.1 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1.08 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
Examples of objects between 50 km and 20 km in radius[edit][]
There are easily tens of thousands of objects 50 km in radius or smaller[clarification needed], but only a fraction have been explored. The number of digits is not an endorsement of significant figures. The table switches from ×1018 kg to ×1015 kg (Eg), and many of these mass values are assumed. (See also: List of minor planets.)
Satellites of Saturn |
Satellites of Uranus |
Satellites of Pluto |
Body |
Image |
Mean radius (km) |
Mass
×1015 kg |
Type of object |
ca. 50 |
1000 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ca. 50 |
1000 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ThebeA Jupiter XIV (14) |
ca. 50 |
430 |
|||||||
ca. 50 |
980 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
930 |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
|||||||||
ca. 50 |
1700 [49] |
||||||||
ca. 50 |
910 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
900 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
|||||||||
JulietA Uranus XI |
ca. 45 |
560 |
|||||||
ca. 45 |
850 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
|||||||||
ca. 45 |
480 |
||||||||
Nix Pluto II |
ca. 45 |
70 |
|||||||
ca. 45 |
790 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
1200 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
760 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
750 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
1000 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
410 |
||||||||
ca. 45 |
|||||||||
Prometheus $ Saturn XVI (16) |
ca. 45 |
156.6 |
|||||||
ca. 45 |
670 |
||||||||
ElaraA Jupiter VII |
ca. 45 |
870 |
|||||||
ca. 45 |
670 |
||||||||
60558 Echeclus/ |
ca. 40 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
ca. 40 |
610 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
ca. 40 |
590 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
ThalassaA Neptune IV |
ca. 40 |
350 |
|||||||
ca. 40 |
570 |
||||||||
Pandora$ Saturn XVII (17) |
ca. 40 |
135.6 |
|||||||
ca. 40 |
560 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
550 |
||||||||
BelindaA Uranus XIV (14) |
ca. 40 |
360 |
|||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
Cressida Uranus IX |
ca. 40 |
340A |
|||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
ca. 40 |
520 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
Echidna Typhon I |
44±3 |
Satellite of 42355 Typhon | |||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
ca. 40 |
270 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
470 |
||||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
ca. 40 |
|||||||||
Weywot Quaoar I |
ca. 35 |
Satellite of Quaoar | |||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
Hydra Pluto III |
ca. 35 |
391P |
|||||||
Rosalind* Uranus XIII (13) |
ca. 35 |
250 |
|||||||
Caliban Uranus XVI (16) |
ca. 35 |
||||||||
ca. 35 |
390 |
||||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
ca. 35 |
370 |
||||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
ca. 35 |
350 |
||||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
ca. 35 |
310 |
||||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
Zoe Logos I |
ca. 35 |
Satellite of 58534 Logos | |||||||
Naiad Neptune III |
ca. 35 |
190A |
|||||||
ca. 35 |
|||||||||
ca. 35 |
300 |
||||||||
ca. 30 |
390 |
||||||||
DesdemonaA Uranus X |
ca. 30 |
180 |
|||||||
Halimede* Neptune IX |
ca. 30 |
||||||||
ca. 30 |
|||||||||
ca. 30 |
|||||||||
ca. 30 |
|||||||||
Crantor 83982 |
ca. 30 |
||||||||
Comet Hale–Bopp C/1995 O1 |
ca. 30 |
||||||||
Pasiphae*A Jupiter VIII |
ca. 30 |
300 |
|||||||
ca. 30 |
|||||||||
Neso Neptune XIII (13) |
ca. 30 |
||||||||
ca. 30 |
|||||||||
ca. 30 |
|||||||||
ca. 30 |
200 |
||||||||
ca. 30 |
180 |
||||||||
ca. 30 |
180 |
||||||||
26.4 |
103.3 |
||||||||
ca. 25 |
|||||||||
Bianca Uranus VIII |
ca. 25 |
92 |
|||||||
Prospero Uranus XVIII (18) |
ca. 25 |
85 |
|||||||
Setebos Uranus XIX (19) |
ca. 25 |
75 |
|||||||
ca. 25 |
|||||||||
ca. 25 |
|||||||||
ca. 25 |
|||||||||
ca. 25 |
100 |
||||||||
Carme* Jupiter XI |
ca. 25 |
130 |
|||||||
ca. 25 |
99 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
94 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
92 |
||||||||
Sao Neptune XI (11) |
ca. 20 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
87 |
||||||||
Metis Jupiter XVI (16) |
ca. 20 |
36 |
|||||||
ca. 20 |
82 |
||||||||
Ophelia* Uranus VII |
ca. 20 |
53 |
|||||||
Laomedeia Neptune XII (12) |
ca. 20 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
76 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
73.9 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
68 |
||||||||
ca. 20 |
69 |
||||||||
Cordelia* Uranus VI |
ca. 20 |
44 |
|||||||
Siarnaq Saturn XXIX (29) |
ca. 20 |
Examples of objects between 20 km and 1 km in radius[edit][]
Satellites of Mars |
Satellites of Saturn |
Satellites of Uranus |
Satellites of Pluto |
Body |
Image |
Mean |
Mass
×1015 kg |
Type of object |
ca. 20 |
66.7 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hidalgo 944 |
ca. 20 |
||||||||
Sinope* Jupiter IX |
ca. 20 |
76 |
|||||||
Psamathe* Neptune X |
ca. 20 |
37 |
|||||||
ca. 20 |
|||||||||
Lysithea* Jupiter X |
ca. 20 |
63 |
|||||||
ca. 20 |
|||||||||
Helene Saturn XII (12) Dione B |
17.6±0.4 km [51] |
25 |
Satellite of Saturn — Dione trojan | ||||||
ca. 15 |
|||||||||
ca. 15 |
66.9 |
||||||||
Stephano Uranus XX (20) |
ca. 15 |
22 |
|||||||
Albiorix Saturn XXVI (26) |
ca. 15 |
||||||||
ca. 15 |
33 |
||||||||
ca. 15 |
|||||||||
15.7[52] |
42 |
||||||||
Atlas$ Saturn XV (15) |
15.1±0.9 km [51] |
66 |
|||||||
ca. 15 |
|||||||||
Perdita Uranus XXV (25) |
ca. 15 |
13 |
|||||||
Pan$ Saturn XVIII (18) |
14.1±1.3 km[53] |
4.95[54] |
|||||||
Linus Kalliope I |
ca. 15 |
60[55] |
|||||||
Ananke Jupiter XII (12) |
ca. 15 |
38.2 |
|||||||
Telesto Saturn XIII (13) or Tethys B |
ca. 10 |
Satellite of Saturn—Tethys trojan | |||||||
Phobos$ Mars I |
11.267 |
10.7 |
|||||||
Paaliaq Saturn XX (20) |
ca. 10 |
8.2 |
|||||||
Francisco Uranus XXII (22) |
ca. 10 |
7.2 |
|||||||
Calypso Saturn XIV (14) or Tethys C |
ca. 10 |
Satellite of Saturn—Tethys trojan | |||||||
Leda Jupiter XIII (13) |
ca. 10 |
11 |
|||||||
Ferdinand Uranus XXIV (24) |
ca. 10 |
5.4 |
|||||||
Margaret Uranus XXIII (23) |
ca. 10 |
5.4 |
|||||||
ca. 10 |
8 |
||||||||
Romulus Sylvia I |
ca. 10 |
4 |
|||||||
Ymir Saturn XIX (19) |
ca. 10 |
||||||||
Trinculo Uranus XXI (21) |
ca. 10 |
3.9 |
|||||||
Cupid Uranus XXVII (27) |
ca. 10 |
3.8 |
|||||||
ca. 10 |
|||||||||
ca. 10 |
5.5 |
||||||||
Adrastea Jupiter XV (15) |
ca. 10 |
2 |
|||||||
Kiviuq Saturn XXIV (24) |
ca. 10 |
||||||||
ca. 10 |
|||||||||
Tarvos Saturn XXI (21) |
ca. 10 |
||||||||
S/2006 (624) 1 Hektor I |
ca. 10 |
||||||||
ca. 10 |
5–11 |
||||||||
ca. 5 |
3.1 |
Damocloid (retrograde) & possible ejected SDO | |||||||
Bestla Saturn XXXIX (39) |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
Kerberos Pluto IV |
ca. 10 |
||||||||
Petit-Prince Eugenia I |
ca. 5 |
1.2 |
|||||||
Deimos$ Mars II |
ca. 5 |
1.48 |
|||||||
6.1 ± 0.4 [57] |
2–3 |
||||||||
Ijiraq Saturn XXII (22) |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
S/2002 (121) 1 Hermione I |
ca. 5 |
1.6 |
|||||||
ca. 5 |
0.03[58] |
Comet (75.3 year period) | |||||||
S/2001 (107) 1 Camilla I |
ca. 5 |
1.5 |
|||||||
Styx Pluto V |
ca. 10 |
||||||||
Mab Uranus XXVI (26) |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
Erriapus Saturn XXVIII (28) |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
ca. 5 |
|||||||||
Callirrhoe Jupiter XVII (17) |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
Themisto Jupiter XVIII (18) |
ca. 5 |
0.69 |
|||||||
Daphnis Saturn XXXV (35) |
3.9±0.8 |
0.084[54] |
|||||||
Remus Sylvia II |
ca. 5 |
0.2 |
|||||||
S/2003 (379) 1 Huenna I |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
2.8[59] |
0.075 |
||||||||
S/2003 (130) 1 Elektra I |
ca. 5 |
0.4 |
|||||||
S/2004 (45) 1 Eugenia II |
ca. 5 |
||||||||
ca. 5 |
0.23 |
||||||||
ca. 5 |
0.05 |
||||||||
2.65 km[60] |
|||||||||
ca. 5 |
0.14 |
||||||||
< 5 |
.13 |
Asteroid & quasi-satellite of Earth | |||||||
< 5 |
|||||||||
2.4[61] |
|||||||||
< 5 |
|||||||||
C/1996 B2 Comet Hyakutake |
< 5 |
||||||||
81P/Wild Wild 2 |
< 5 |
||||||||
Pallene Saturn XXXIII (33) |
< 5 |
0.043 |
|||||||
Polydeuces Saturn XXXIV (34) Dione C |
< 5 |
0.03 |
Satellite of Saturn — Dione trojan | ||||||
< 5 |
|||||||||
1.75[63] |
|||||||||
Methone Saturn XXXII (32) |
1.6 ± 0.6 |
0.019 |
|||||||
< 5 |
Near-Earth asteroid—Binary | ||||||||
< 5 |
|||||||||
< 5 |
|||||||||
< 5 |
|||||||||
< 5 |
0.002 |
Examples of objects below 1 km (1000 m) in radius[edit][]
Satellites of Saturn |
Satellites of Uranus |
In the asteroid belt alone there are estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.9 million objects with a radius above 0.5 km,[64]many of which are in the range 0.5–1.0 km. Countless more have a radius below 0.5 km.
Very few objects in this size range have been explored or even imaged. The exceptions are objects that have been visited by a probe, or have passed close enough to Earth to be imaged. Radius is by mean geometric radius. Number of digits not an endorsement of significant figures. Mass scale shifts from × 1015 to 1012 kg, which is 1015 grams (Petagram - Pg).
Body |
Image |
Mean |
Mass ×1012 kg |
Type of object |
885[65] |
4 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
850 |
5.1 |
||||||||
≈800[66] |
|||||||||
≈800[67] |
Inner main-belt asteroid[68] | ||||||||
Dactyl Ida I |
700 |
||||||||
700 |
2.9 |
||||||||
700[69] |
1.3[70] |
||||||||
650 |
|||||||||
600 |
3[note 2] |
||||||||
600 |
2.33 |
||||||||
600 |
|||||||||
103P/Hartley Hartley 2 |
570±80 |
0.3[71] |
|||||||
520 |
5 |
||||||||
450[72] |
|||||||||
450[74] |
0.76[75] |
||||||||
432 |
1.2 |
||||||||
350[76] |
|||||||||
346 |
0.0358 |
||||||||
300 |
|||||||||
290 |
3[77] |
||||||||
Aegaeon Saturn LIII (53) |
250 |
||||||||
180[79] |
|||||||||
165[81] |
|||||||||
162.5[82] |
0.05[77] |
||||||||
150 |
|||||||||
150 |
|||||||||
125[83] |
|||||||||
100 |
|||||||||
100 |
|||||||||
65[84] |
0.002[77] |
||||||||
65[85] |
0.0028[85] |
||||||||
[ |
18 [86] |
0.000005 [86] |
Near-Earth asteroid & fast rotator (42 s)[86] | ||||||
367943 Duende 2012 DA14 |
15 |
||||||||
15[87] |
Near-Earth asteroid & fast rotator (10 m) |
Currently most of the objects of mass between 109 kg to 1012 kg (less than 1000 teragrams (Tg)) listed here are near-Earth asteroids. (See also: List of NEAs by distance from Sun.) 1994 WR12 possesses less mass than the Great Pyramid of Giza, 5.9 × 109 kg.
For more about very small objects in the Solar System, see Meteoroid, Micrometeoroid, and Interplanetary dust cloud. (See also Visited/imagedbodies.)
Surface gravity[edit][]
The surface gravity at the equator of a body can in most cases be accurately calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation andcentrifugal force.
The gravitational acceleration at the equator is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula that follows from this law is:
where
- ag is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration
- G is the gravitational constant
- m is the mass of the celestial body
- r is the equatorial radius of the celestial body (if this varies significantly, the mean equatorial radius is used)
The magnitude of the outward acceleration due to centrifugal force is given by
where
- T is the rotation peri